Swan Neck Deformity

Swan neck deformity is a condition affecting the finger, where the middle joint bends backwards and the tip of the finger bends downwards.

This alters the normal balance of the finger and can affect both appearance and function.

The condition can develop due to injury, tendon imbalance or underlying conditions such as arthritis. In some cases, it may follow untreated tendon injuries.

Symptoms can range from mild changes in finger shape to difficulty with everyday tasks such as gripping or pinching.

Treatment is focused on improving function, correcting imbalance and preventing progression.

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Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment, including examination of finger position and movement.

Assessment focuses on identifying the underlying cause and the degree of deformity.

Imaging may be used in selected cases to assess joint involvement.

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Treatment depends on the severity of the deformity and underlying cause.

Non-surgical treatment may include:

• Splinting to support the finger
• Hand therapy to improve balance and function
• Management of underlying conditions such as arthritis

Surgical treatment may be considered in more advanced cases. This may involve:

• Tendon balancing procedures
• Ligament reconstruction
• Joint procedures in severe cases

The aim is to restore function and improve finger position.

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Surgical treatment depends on the severity and cause of the deformity.

Procedures may involve correcting tendon imbalance, stabilising joints or addressing underlying joint damage.

The aim is to restore function and improve finger alignment.

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Recovery depends on the type of treatment performed.

Recovery typically includes:

• Splinting to maintain correction
• Hand therapy to restore movement and function
• Gradual return to activity

Recovery may take several weeks to months depending on the severity.

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As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks, although these are uncommon.

Possible complications include:

• Infection (around 1%), usually treated with antibiotics
• Swelling or stiffness, which may take time to settle
• Scar sensitivity
• Nerve irritation or injury (rare)
• Ongoing pain or discomfort, which typically improves over time
• Recurrence of deformity
• Residual stiffness or reduced movement

Very rarely, a condition known as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can occur, leading to prolonged pain and sensitivity.

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You should seek medical advice if you notice a change in finger shape or difficulty using the finger.

Early assessment is important to identify the cause and prevent progression.

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